1	Eruption and Occlusion of the Permanent Dentition
2	Nolla's 10 Stages of Calcification Stage 2 - initial calcification Stage 6 - eruptive movement begins (crown formation complete) Stage 8 - alveolar crest pierced (2/3 root development) Stage 9 - gingival margin pierced (3/4 root development) Interval between Stage 6 and full interdigitation is about 5 years
3	Time of Eruption (Years)
4	Sequence Girls 5 months faster than boys 6-1-2-4-3-5-7 and 6-1-2-4-5-3-7 most common in maxilla (6-1)-2-3-4-5-7 and (6-1)-2-4-3-5-7 most common in mandible
5	Sequence is Important! Alteration of sequence of eruption alerts the practitioner to potential problems Supernumerary Neoplasm or cyst ALWAYS COUNT THE TEETH!
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10	Calcification times Central incisor 3-4 m 3-4 m Lateral incisor 10-12 m 3-4 m Cuspid 4-5 m 4-5 m 1st bicuspid 1 1/2 y 1 3/4 y 2nd bicuspid 2 y 2 1/4 y Second molar 2 1/2 y 2 3/4 y
11	How To Remember This A group of teeth begin calcification every six months Not exact, but close enough
12	Average Times to Remember for NBs Hard tissue begins to enamel completed 4-5 years Except for 1st molar (3) and cuspid (6) Hard tissue begins to Root Completion 10 years, except for cuspids (13) Eruption to Root Completion 3 years
13	Lines of Retzius
14	Why Know Calcification Times?
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19	Fluorosis
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22	Factors Affecting Eruption Genetics - sequence & timing mostly genetically controlled Nutrition Premature loss of a primary tooth
23	Mesial Drift and Anterior Component of Force Mesial drift Ectopic eruption Axial inclination produces mesial force Space maintenance
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26	Ectopic Eruption
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29	Absence of Permanent Teeth 4-6% congenital absence Females more frequently missing teeth Most common congenitally absent teeth: mandibular 2nd premolar maxillary lateral incisor maxillary 2nd premolar
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32	2^nd Bicuspids Implants
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36	Extra Permanent Teeth Supernumerary teeth found most frequently in the maxillary incisor region (mesiodens), and occasionally in the premolar area 2-3% supernumerary teeth, males more common
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40	Changes in Arch Width Intercanine and intermolar growth significant increases between 6 weeks and 2 years of age significant increases between 3 and 13 years mandibular intercanine width established by 8 years of age after permanent teeth erupted, slight decrease in arch width in the intercanine area
41	Changes in Arch Length and Overbite Arch length decreases* late mesial shift, mesial drift, interproximal wear do not affect interach relationships Overbite decreases in primary dentition increases in mixed dentition OB/OJ relatively stable in adult*
42	Angle Classification Class I Molar (65%) Class II Molar (30%) Class III Molar ( 5%)
43	Class I Molar
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47	Class II Molar
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50	Class II Distalization Appliance
51	Class III Molar
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54	Cuspid Classification Neutro (Class I) Disto (Class II) Mesio (Class III)
55	Neutro Cuspid (Class I)
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58	Disto Cuspid (Class II)
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61	Mesio Cuspid (Class III)
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63	Divisions of Class II Division I - excess OJ Division II - "rabbited" incisors Subdivision - one side
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66	Divisions of Class II Division 2
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69	This Is A Test! …
70	Class I or Class II?
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73	Class I or Class II? Subtitle: “How To Screw Up Dental Students”
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76	Six Keys to Occlusion Class I molar relationship Mesial crown angulation Proper crown inclination No rotations Tight contacts Flat occlusal plane
77	Types of Faces Brachycephalic - broad & short Dolichocephalic - long & narrow Mesocephalic - normal
78	Brachycephalic
79	Dolichocephalic
80	Mesocephalic